A paradox in random-effects meta-analysis
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This paper reports a new paradox in random-effects meta-analysis. To our knowledge, this paradox has never been reported in the literature on meta-analysis. With the newly discovered paradox, it has been putting us in a dilemma on what final conclusion can be made. We hence advocate meta-analysts to be extremely careful when interpreting the final results from the random-effects meta-analysis, in particular when the number of studies is small and the heterogeneity is large.
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