Adversarial Attacks for Multi-view Deep Models
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Recent work has highlighted the vulnerability of many deep machine learning models to adversarial examples. It attracts increasing attention to adversarial attacks, which can be used to evaluate the security and robustness of models before they are deployed. However, to our best knowledge, there is no specific research on the adversarial attacks for multi-view deep models. This paper proposes two multi-view attack strategies, two-stage attack (TSA) and end-to-end attack (ETEA). With the mild assumption that the single-view model on which the target multi-view model is based is known, we first propose the TSA strategy. The main idea of TSA is to attack the multi-view model with adversarial examples generated by attacking the associated single-view model, by which state-of-the-art single-view attack methods are directly extended to the multi-view scenario. Then we further propose the ETEA strategy when the multi-view model is provided publicly. The ETEA is applied to accomplish direct attacks on the target multi-view model, where we develop three effective multi-view attack methods. Finally, based on the fact that adversarial examples generalize well among different models, this paper takes the adversarial attack on the multi-view convolutional neural network as an example to validate that the effectiveness of the proposed multi-view attacks. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our multi-view attack strategies are capable of attacking the multi-view deep models, and we additionally find that multi-view models are more robust than single-view models.
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