Deterministic Distributed Edge-Coloring with Fewer Colors
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We present a deterministic distributed algorithm, in the LOCAL model, that computes a (1+o(1))Δ-edge-coloring in polylogarithmic-time, so long as the maximum degree Δ=Ω̃( n). For smaller Δ, we give a polylogarithmic-time 3Δ/2-edge-coloring. These are the first deterministic algorithms to go below the natural barrier of 2Δ-1 colors, and they improve significantly on the recent polylogarithmic-time (2Δ-1)(1+o(1))-edge-coloring of Ghaffari and Su [SODA'17] and the (2Δ-1)-edge-coloring of Fischer, Ghaffari, and Kuhn [FOCS'17], positively answering the main open question of the latter. The key technical ingredient of our algorithm is a simple and novel gradual packing of judiciously chosen near-maximum matchings, each of which becomes one of the color classes.
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