On DICE-free Smart Cities, Particulate Matter, and Feedback-Enabled Access Control
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The link between transport related emissions and human health is a major issue for city municipalities worldwide. PM emissions from exhaust and non-exhaust sources are one of the main worrying contributors to air-pollution. In this paper, we challenge the notion that a ban on DICE vehicles will result in clean and safe air in our cities, since emissions from tyres and other non-exhaust sources are expected to increase in the near future. To this end, we present data from the city of Dublin that document that the current amount of tyre-related PM emissions in the city might already be above or close to the levels deemed safe by the World Health Organization. As a solution to this problem, we present a feedback-enabled distributed access control mechanism and ride-sharing scheme to limit the amount of vehicles in a city and therefore maintain the amount of transport-related PM to safe levels. As shown in our simulations, our mechanism successfully restricts the number of cars in a city while ensuring fair access for its users.
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