Randomised Composition and Small-Bias Minimax
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We prove two results about randomised query complexity R(f). First, we introduce a "linearised" complexity measure LR and show that it satisfies an inner-optimal composition theorem: R(f∘ g) ≥Ω(R(f) LR(g)) for all partial f and g, and moreover, LR is the largest possible measure with this property. In particular, LR can be polynomially larger than previous measures that satisfy an inner composition theorem, such as the max-conflict complexity of Gavinsky, Lee, Santha, and Sanyal (ICALP 2019). Our second result addresses a question of Yao (FOCS 1977). He asked if ϵ-error expected query complexity R̅_ϵ(f) admits a distributional characterisation relative to some hard input distribution. Vereshchagin (TCS 1998) answered this question affirmatively in the bounded-error case. We show that an analogous theorem fails in the small-bias case ϵ=1/2-o(1).
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