Topology optimization of surface flows
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This paper presents a topology optimization approach for the surface flows on 2-manifolds or two-dimensional manifolds, which can represent the viscous and incompressible material interfaces. The fluidic motion on such a material interface can be described by the surface Navier-Stokes equations, which are derived by using the elementary tangential calculus in terms of exterior differential operators expressed in a Cartesian system. Based on the topology optimization model for fluidic flows with porous medium filling the design domain, an artificial Darcy friction is added to the area force term of the surface Navier-Stokes equations and the physical area forces are penalized to eliminate their existence in the fluidic regions and to avoid the invalidity of the porous medium model. Topology optimization for steady and unsteady surface flows can be implemented by iteratively evolving the impermeability of the porous medium on 2-manifolds, where the impermeability is interpolated by the material density derived from the design variable. The related partial differential equations are solved by using the surface finite element method. Numerical examples have been provided to demonstrate this topology optimization approach for surface flows.
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