Canonisation and Definability for Graphs of Bounded Rank Width
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We prove that the combinatorial Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm of dimension (3k+4) is a complete isomorphism test for the class of all graphs of rank width at most k. Rank width is a graph invariant that, similarly to tree width, measures the width of a certain style of hierarchical decomposition of graphs; it is equivalent to clique width. It was known that isomorphism of graphs of rank width k is decidable in polynomial time (Grohe and Schweitzer, FOCS 2015), but the best previously known algorithm has a running time n^f(k) for a non-elementary function f. Our result yields an isomorphism test for graphs of rank width k running in time n^O(k). Another consequence of our result is the first polynomial time canonisation algorithm for graphs of bounded rank width. Our second main result is that fixed-point logic with counting captures polynomial time on all graph classes of bounded rank width.
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