Energy-Efficient Massive IoT Shared Spectrum Access over UAV-enabled Cellular Networks
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Providing connectivity to a massive number of sensors and machines, commonly known as massive Internet-of-things (IoT), has become a critical use case for fifth-generation new radio (5G-NR). Nevertheless, existing transmission protocols, e.g., orthogonal allocation or spectrum sharing, can be detrimental for cellular users (UEs) and IoT devices due to increased congestion and interference or resource splitting. To this end, we consider to equip cellular networks with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), e.g., drones, acting as mobile data aggregators. Specifically, we propose a transmission protocol for shared spectrum access between IoT devices and UEs, where IoT traffic is collected by drones and then aggregated to the cellular network. Using stochastic geometry, we analyze the performance of the proposed protocol and compare it with existing ones. In addition, we present a stochastic optimization framework that optimizes the transmit power of IoT devices to maximize the average energy-efficiency (EE) of a typical IoT device subject to interference constraints on UEs. Simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed transmission protocol and power control, showing significant improvements of the EE of IoT devices with minimal degradation on the UE spectral efficiency when compared to existing transmission schemes.
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