Multi-Hour Ahead Dst Index Prediction Using Multi-Fidelity Boosted Neural Networks
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The Disturbance storm time (Dst) index has been widely used as a proxy for the ring current intensity, and therefore as a measure of geomagnetic activity. It is derived by measurements from four ground magnetometers in the geomagnetic equatorial regions. We present a new model for predicting Dst with a lead time between 1 and 6 hours. The model is first developed using a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) network that is trained using solar wind parameters. The uncertainty of the Dst model is then estimated by using the ACCRUE method [Camporeale et al. 2021]. Finally, a multi-fidelity boosting method is developed in order to enhance the accuracy of the model and reduce its associated uncertainty. It is shown that the developed model can predict Dst 6 hours ahead with a root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of 13.54 nT. This is significantly better than the persistence model and a simple GRU model.
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